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By Mr. N. B. Mirza Education is the natural, harmonious and progressive development of man's innate powers. It is the development of all these capacities in the individual which will enable him to control his environment and fulfil his possibilities.
To put it more clearly, education is an attempt for human development. It is a modification of behaviour because it leads us from indistinctive behaviour to human behaviour i.e. instead of acting impulsively, education enables a man to act rationally. It prepares the child for adult life where he will be in a position to fulfil his responsibility of adult life. Education directs the child's capacities, attitudes, interests, targets, needs into the most desirable channels. It stimulates correct responses and to check anti-social impulse, threats, coercion, intimidation, fear are overcome. Since education is a lifelong process, society remains dynamic and appropriate reconstruction is effected. It helps to preserve the glorious past and the outgrown to discard. It is an emancipation from ignorance. Hence, in the words of Lodge, "Life is education and Education is life." Edward Throng has remarked that "education is the transmission of life, by the living to the living." "If the inner landscape of our souls does not change the outer landscape of the world will not change either. " Education is a continuous and creative process. It's aim is to develop the capacities latent in human nature and to coordinate their expression for the enrichment and progress of society. Education may also act as a powerful instrument for profound societal transformation within this creative process, it is possible to achieve an essential harmony between faith and reason through an approach to education that encourages the free investigation of all reality and trains minds to recognize truth, non-violence, peace and harmony. At the national level India has been a signatory to international covenants such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It has also been actively associated with the "Recommendation Concerning Education for International Understanding, Cooperation and Peace Education" adopted by the 18th session of UNESCO in 1974 and its sequel - the Integrated Framework of Action on Education for Peace. Human Rights and Democracy adopted by the 44th session of the International Conference on Education in October, 1994. Recently, in the discourses, education has assumed critical significance as an essential instrument of awareness of human development and peace. Immediate Prime Goals: Realistic Purposes and Means
National Policy on Education (1986) and Human Rights, Development and Peace Initiatives at National Level And for this, the easiest and most practical way would seem to be included in all educational institutions at different levels across the educational ladder in both formal and nonformal settings for Curriculum, Text Books Material, Audio-Visual, Mass Communication and Media, Specialised Training and Orientation Programmes, Conferences, Seminars and Workshops, Exhibitions, Professional Courses, Celebration of Important Events Days. We have to take a number of steps to spread awareness in the country, encouraging universities for research, seminars and publications and to start courses in human rights, peace and nonviolence at graduate and postgraduate levels. It is hoped that this awareness will trickle down from the established academic institutions and reach the community. However, besides formal education, nonformal, adult education and continuing education is also equally necessary to bring about changes in basic institutions like the family, school, the work place etc. Teachers' Role The unambiguous promises and miles to go ... The unfortunate neglect of Article 45 of Indian Constitution which unambiguously promises to people of India that "The State shall endeavour to provide within a period of ten years from the commencement of this constitution free and compulsory education unlike they complete the age of 14 years." All the hopes that this Article had generated, ended in smoke as India has more illiterate children today than before and even after the expiry of 50 years of promise. More than 37 crore people are illiterate, two third of them being women. Ironically enough, it is feared that this illiteracy may go up to 50 % of the total illiterate population of the world when it is about to enter the 21st Century. The achievement of the target, "Elementary Education for all, by the year 2000 A.D. " seems to be difficult, if not impossible in view of the present scenario. Besides, our motto should be "Peace and Nonviolence Education for All" to achieve the goal of human development. From the primitive to the contemporary, education has had as its central aim the guidance and training of the individual for the responsible and successful exercise of this right. Its imperative requirement (in such a case) is that the State must take constructive steps to formulate and carry out a long range programme through which to prepare its people for the participation required them to make the rights operative. For instance if the people are illiterate let them be given an education; if they are starving, let them be fed; if they are irresponsible, let them be educated for self-discipline. Within each state, what every individual is entitled to first, is, an opportunity for development of a sound, healthy body and mind, education, adequate food, shelter and clothing, medical care a safeguarded heritage and all the other indispensable things. He must have the opportunity to get the training and the guidance to enable him to earn a living through productive activity. He is entitled to an education to equip him with methods, techniques and information with which to work and perform his duties and to enable him to discover what his best talents and capacities are and to acquaint him with his place in and relation to society and the universe. Without these physical and intellectual foundations, the right of the individual to a free and full progress in life becomes a mere husk. He must have these basic assurances of freedom from want and fear. Defining World Peace All human development documents give a prominent place to peace and rights to education. They also stress the importance of education in promoting human development. UNESCO has played a leading role in promoting education in human development and peace. Recommendations of the conference unequivocally mentioned that, human rights teaching and education must aim at fostering an attitude of tolerance, peace, respect and solidarity inherent in nonviolence, provide knowledge of human development in both national and international dimensions and develop among individuals awareness of the ways and means by which human development can be translated into social and political reality. Education should not only make the individual aware of his or her own rights but should also at the same time instil respect for the rights of others. live in peace and nonviolent atmosphere. The World Plan of action adopted by the International Congress for Education and Democracy in Montreal (March, 1993) calls for global mobilization of the resources from the family of the United Nations to educate individuals and groups so that inappropriate conduct leading to peace, nonviolence and human development can be achieved. NGO Initiatives NGOs experiences in the field of such basic education have significantly influenced the design and the content of some of such initiatives. NGOs have subsequently played a very significant role in providing a strong support structure to programmes such as ANUVRAT Movement etc. On their own too, they have worked out alternative and innovative approaches for providing such basic education and training, which includes value education for peace and non-violence, tolerance and balanced lifestyle for the fulfilment of becoming a new human being of a new society. Anuvrat Movement and Self'-transformation The slogan of ANUVRAT is - Samyamah Khalu Jeevanam - Life is nothing but self-control. The Anuvrat Movement offers the following five point programme to instil the moral values and self-control i.e. the power of restraining one's instincts:
Acharya Tulsi inspired people belonging to all castes and faiths to adhere to this code of living a good life and for being instrumental in resolving all conflicts non-violently. He himself undertook long marches covering thousands of miles and inspired millions of people for self-transformation. Education and Training for Harmonious Living Ganadhipati Tulsi's successor, Acharya Mahapragya, is continuing the great tradition of promoting social excellence through ANUVRAT fortified with Preksha Meditation and Jeevan Vigyan and we hope that the network of selftransformed people will widen gradually and the twentyfirst century will see ANUVRAT emerging as a global ethics. At an international conference on "World Peace and Anuvrat" on Nov. 6-9, 1998 at Sardar Shahar (Rajasthan), Acharya Mahapragya wishes:
The dream of world peace is as complex as it is delectable. But we cannot overlook a problem merely because it is complex for wisdom demands that we find a solution to every difficult riddle. Challenges for the Future
If India is to reach the critical threshold of education and Human Development Rights, culture of peace and nonviolence where high economic growth rates and social development are to be sustained, efforts to ensure Education For All (EFA), shelter for all and health for all have to be continued on a war footing. India faces these challenges with many assets. Its educational system is endowed with a strong policy framework with significant political commitment from the central and state governments. Its educational programmes are innovative, fairly well financed with a strong focus on quality with equity. These assets should take India to its destination of peace and human development. Lastly, let me recite the poem written by Gurudev Rabindra Nath Tagore in order to realize the dream of such a new society: Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high; into that heaven of freedom, my father! let my country awake. ------------------------------------------- Article
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