QUESTIONS & ANSWERS ON JAINISM

DEVA-DARSHANA

Q1. What should we do after getting up every morning?

Ans. After getting up one must recite the Namokara Mantra. Thereafter joining both the hands one must remember the 24 tirthankars on the 24 finger knots. Panch parmesthi divine beings must also be contemplated.

Q2. What is our every day duty?

Ans. One ought to salute once reverenced people ex. parents, brothers, teachers, brothers etc.. Then one must prepare himself to go to the temple for Dev Dashing so that he or she could have the impulse of being alike the Deva or the supreme being Arihant Dev.

Q3. What is the method of dev darshan (Visiting the God)?

Ans. Every morning being free from the daily routine, ablutions, putting clean clothes on, taking rice (Aksata) one of the offering things and other best things one should go to the temple . On his /her way he/she should take every step carefully looking at all the living-beings insects, etc. and observe silence and repeat Namokara Mantra silently.

Before entering the temple one should wash ones hands and feet with clean water .then toll the bell saying om jai three times . Thereafter one should enter the temple and say om jai, jai,jai,Nissahi ,Nissahi ,Nissahi ,followed by om namo sidhebhyah,om jai , jai, jai,Namostu, namostu, namostu and the namokar mantra , the mangla clauses , the name of the tirthankaras etc, then if possible one should sprinkle water upon the idol of Lord Jinedra and do worship offering material.

Therefore one should take three rounds of temple citing the namokar mantra or any of the eulogies . these three rounds however should be taken with a view to abolish birth ,old age and death and to gain right faith ,right knowledge and conduct . Then we ought to pay obeisance to the omniscient Lord Jinendra deva .

After adoration one should read religious book and think over or meditate over self appearance , just recalling the image of God before oneself . Thereafter one should also contemplate over the fact that may become omniscient God , if trends on the very path shown by Lord jinendra .

Eventually while going back home from the temple one ought to have the feeling of seeing Lord once again and say assahi three times .

Q. 4 Why should we go to temple ?

Ans. One should go to temple to have the knowledge of the self and gent the filthy deeds and malice within oneself exicited ............

so that one could create God like qualities within oneself by developing the attributes that already exist within him or her .

(AMOK)

It is epitomized and combined in to one word A3 Um expensive of fivefold Permesthies as below :

A3 Um = 3a + U + m

1. a = Arhant (the omniscient )
Namo Arhantanum = I bow to the Arahants .
2. a = Asariri (the Noncorporeal emancipated souls );
Namo Siddhanam = I bow to the Siddhas .
3. a = Acharya (the pontiff i.e. , the head of saints )
Namo Ayariyanam = I bow to the pontiff .
4 . U = Upadhyaya (the preceptor to the saints )
Namo Uvajjhanam = I bow to the Upadhyayas .
5 . m = Munis Saints ;
Namo leo Savva Sahunam = I bow to all Digambera saints in the world .
According to the Hindus the word AUm is composed of .
1. a= Ananda or bliss.
2. U or au = Aujas or power.
3. ma = Supporter or Protector.
Thus Om or AUm has a triple significance and it devotes the three fold attributes of Brahama.
First he is all pervading, all protecting and all knowing.
Secondly he is supremely excellent, high and wise and
Thirdly he is blissful, almighty and all supporting.
I am which sounds almost as 'AUM' is the most significant name of God. This name is common to Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism and Christianity.
From its perfect applicability definitive and comprehensive character the word om is undoubtly the most emblematic name of the Supreme being.

Living Being

Q. 1 Name of the kinds of substances (Dravyas)?

Ans. There are two kinds of substances they are 1. Jiva (Living substance) 2. Ajiva (Non-living substance)

Q. 2 What is living substance ?

Ans. One who can see percieve and understand is known as living substance as horse, ox , tree , bird , man etc.

Q. 3 What is non-living substances ?

Ans. One who does not have the quality of perceiving and comprehending is known as non-living substance. e.g. inkpot , pen , wax etc.

Q. 4 What are the kinds of living beings ?

Ans. There are two kinds of living beings e.g.
1. Transmigrating or worldly / Mundane
2. Emancipated or librated (Mute)

Q5. Who are the transmigrating souls ?

Ans. Those who undergo the pangs of birth and death in the world are known as transmigrating creatures .

Q6. Who are emancipated creatures

Ans. Those who are indifferent to the vows of life and death and those who don't come back to earth again are called emancipated creatures. They abide the topmost part of the Universe.

Q7. What are the kinds of transmigrating creatures.

Ans. There are two kinds of transmigrating living beings:
1.Immobile (Sthawara)
2. Mobile (trasa)

Q8. What is an immobile living beings?

Ans An immobile being is one who has only one touch sense due to rise of Sthavra physique making Karma ex. earth, water, fire, tree , snow & air.

Q9. What are the kinds of immobile beings?

Ans. Immobile beings are of 5 kinds
1. Earth bodied ( Prthvikayika).........These have the earth as their body are called earth body ex earth growing inside the earth, gold , silver, diamond etc.
2. Water bodied (Jalakayiaka) ..........The beings having water as their body are called water bodied ex water, due drops etc.
3. Fire Bodied (agnikayika)............. The beings having fire as their body are called fire bodied as fire, light etc.
4. Air-bodied(Vayukayika).............. The beings having air as their body are called air-bodied.ex. air of atmosphere.
5. Vegetable bodied(Vanaspathikayika)......The beings having only vegetables as their body are called Vegetable bodied ex fruits & vegetables. There are 2 kinds of vegetable bodied

• Common (Sadharana) .......Common vegetables are those that give rise to common physique making Karma. to rise of common physique making Karma several one sensed vegetable beings adhere to one body only. Their bodies cannot be located by bare eyes. These creature undergo the process of life and death 18 times. At the time of each pulse beat these beings are also called Nigodiya.

• Individual souled vegetable (Pratyeka)........ These are those that give rise to individual physique making Karma by the rise of which one beings holds one separate body. Individual vegetables is but the green vegetables. There are 2 kinds of these vegetable bodied: 1) Host Individual soiled vegetables ex Radish, carrot, sweet potato, spinach leaves, betel leaves. 2) Non-Host Individual Soled Vegetables: Mango , lemon, orange , bitter gourd, banana.

Q10. Which one vegetables do the Jain virtuous persons prefer.

Ans. A Jain virtuoso prefers a Non-Host individual soled vegetables.

Mobile Beings

Q1 . What are mobile beings ?

Ans. Mobile beings who have two, three, four , five sense organs respectively due to rise of mobile physique making karma are called mobile beings .

Q2. What are the kinds of mobile beings ?

Ans . mobile beings are of four types ....
1.beings having two sense organs .
2 . beings having three sense organs .
3. beings having four sense organs .
4. beings having five sense organs .

Q3 . What are the factors of the mobile beings having five sense organs ?

Ans. 1.Rational beings(Saini)........ The five sensed beings having a mind is called va Rational beings . These can be trained educationally .For example hellish beings ,celestial beings , human beings , and ox and pigeon etc .
2. Irrational beings (Asaini)......... The five sensed beings having no mind is called Irrational beings . These can't be trained educationally . For example water-snakes , some frogs etc .

Q4 . State the kinds of sub-human rational beings ?

Ans . These are of three types :
1.Water inhabiting (Jalachara)......... The beings that live in water are called water inhabiting beings . e.g. crocodile and fish etc. These animals can't live outside the water for a long time .
2. Earth inhabiting (Thalchara).......The beings that live on the land are called Earth inhabiting beings . e.g. horse , elephant and lion etc.
3. Air inhabiting (Nabhachara)........The beings that can fly in the sky are called Air inhabiting beings . e.g. kite, crow etc.

Non-living

Q1. What do you know about non-living ?

Ans: The substance which do not possess the quality of perceiving are known as non-living substances e.g. inkpot , pen , pencil , box .

Q2.Cite the categories of non-living substances ?

Ans : non-living can be categorized as
1. Matter (Pudgula)........A thing which has the effect of aggregation of color , taste , smell & touch is called matter.
Kinds of matter.........
1. Atom (Anu)...... The smallest part of the matter is called atom.
2. Molecule (skandha )....... The combination of two or more than two atoms is called molecules .
2. Medium of motion........ That which helps the matter and the beings in their activity while in action , is called the medium of motion . e.g. water helps a fish in its motion or activity . This medium of motion is known as formless substance , it does not motivate to act . but the fact that if the creature and the matter can not act with the medium of motion , they can't be neglected either.
3. Medium of rest....... That which helps the matter and the creatures in their rest while they repose is called the medium of rest . e.g. the pedestrian fatigued after a long walk takes rest under a shade of a tree . The medium of rest is a formless substance , it doesn't motivate anybody to response . But not stay with the medium of rest , they can't be neglected either.
4. space.......That which provides accommodation to all other five substances is called space.
"The two parts of space are not possible .The space is but a abysm substance . But its two parts are imaginary."
types.....
1. Universe ........ A space which can accommodate all the six substances (like creatures , matter , medium of motion , medium of rest and time ) is called Universe space .
2. Non-universe........ A space where there is nothing except vacuum is called non-universe space , the space out of the universe is called non-universe space .There are no creatures , matter , medium of motion ,medium of rest and time here .
5. time (kale)...... That which assists the continuity of substances of their modification & movement is called time substance.
Kinds....
1. Real time (Niche kala ) ........ Gradual change substance is called Real time . Its main characteristic is vartana .The time can't be calculated . There is an existence of time on every part of the universe space .
2. Conventional time (Vyavahar kala) ...... Modification in other substances like hour , minute , second , day , month , week and year etc. is called conventional time .

State of existences

Q1. What is state of existences ?

Ans . State of existences is a sub type of physique making karma . By the rise of physique making karma a living being takes birth amongst the infernal , the heavenly , the sub-human and the human beings .

Q2 . How many sates of existences are there ? What are these ?

Ands: There are four states of existences
1 . Infernal (Narka Gati) ...... There are seven regions under this earth known as nether region ( namely 1. jewel hued 2. Sugar-hued 3. Sand-hued 4. Mire-hued 5.smoke-hued 6. darkness-hued 7. pichy darkness-hued ) and the denizens of these regions are known as infernal beings who have to undergo excessive suffering . These hellish beings are five sensed rational beings . The minimum and maximum age of an infernal being is determined as ten thousand years and 33 sagars .
2. Plants and animals (sub human) ....... All the transmigrating mundane beings except infernal , celestial and human are called sub-human beings . And the states of existence of these is called sub-human state of existence (triyancha gati) .
3. Human beings ........ The mundane beings man , woman and children are the examples of the human state of existence . The human being only can attain emancipation through penance and meditation . This is why human state of existence is considered to be the best one .
4. Celestial beings (Deva Gati)....... Celestial beings do not a body of flesh and bones . They do not feel hunger or thirst for ages . And when they feel , nectar drips from their throat and eventually their thirst and hunger is soothed then and there .
They gets the best things for their own use . Whenever any human or animal after its demise takes birth as celestial beings ,thy very transmigration of soul is called the celestial state of existence . The minimum and maximum age of celestial beings is determined as ten thousand years and 33 Sagras respectively .These celestial beings take birth in the 16 heavens , the upper planes and other places as well .

Sense Organs

Q1. What are sense organs ?

Ans : Sense organs are the parts of the body that help us differentiating things on on the basis of their nature.

Q2. Tell the number and the names of the sense organs ?

Ans : 1. Touch (sparsana)....... An organ which help us in knowing about the material things after touching , is called the sense organ of touch e.g. light , heavy , hard , soft , blunt ,hot and cold etc.
2. Tongue (Rasana ).......The sense organ that helps us to recognize something after tasting is called the sense of tongue e .g. sweet sour tart bitter and pungent .
3. Nose (Ghrana)...... The organ that help us in knowing by smelling is called the sense of smell . e . g . scent and stink (bad smell).
4. Eye (Caksu) ....... Sense of sight is one which helps us in knowing through eye the color of the objects by seeing e.g. red , green ,yellow , blue and white by seeing .
5. Ear (karna)...... The sense organ that helps us to recognize something after hearing the sound is called sense of hearing , e.g. sweet and harsh sound .

Q3. Grade the beings as per their sense organs ?

Ans : Trees are having one sense organs .
Earthworms are having two sense organs .
Ant and bug are having three sense organs .
Fly , mosquito & bee are having four sense organs .
Elephant ,horse , human beings , celestial beings and infernal beings are having five sense organs .

Q4. how many sense organs does the soul have ?

Ans : The soul is none of the sense organs . it has no fixed place . So it has no sense organ .

Q5. Name the beings that absorbed in all the five senses separately ?

Ans : 1. Elephant in sense of touch.
2. fish in taste.
3. Bee in smell.
4. Moths in sight .
5. Deer in hearing .
These creatures are absorbed (lost) in the respective senses separately . They till their own lives therein . Via
. infatuation .

Tortures (Kasaya) and Sin

Q1. What is tortures ? Name the tortures ?

Ans : That which causes suffering to the soul is called torture .The tortures are:
 1. Wrath (anger) .......To loose temper or mental equilibrium is called warth or anger. Intense anger is called
wrath.
2. Vanity (Pride) ....... To feel proud , egoistic or to oneself to airs is called vanity.
3. Deception (Fraud) ...... To cheat or deceive somebody is known as deception or deceit passion .
4. Temptation ....... To be greedy and to tend towards a certain things beyond need is called temptation .

SIN (Papa)

Q1. What is sin ? Name the kinds of sin.

Ans. Doing evil deeds is know as sin. Deeds such as :
1. Violence..... To lease , to afflict, to beat, to kill and to speak evil words to any living being is called violence sin
2) Falsehood..... To hide the truth to lie or to speak3) Stealing. 4) Unchastely (Profligacy) 5) Collection (Hoarding).
3) Stealing....... To take away or use a thing without the consent of its owner is called a theft sin .
4) Unchastely (profligate).... To see the mother or sister of any other man with mal deed or malice is called a profligate / vicious sin or immodest conduct towards opposite sex persons with a feeling of cohabitation is unchastely .
5) Accumulation / Hoarding ..... To collect material things such as money , jewels , garments , utensils more than ones need is called the accumulation sin . e. g. A man needs two pairs of dresses only and he keeps 10 pair with him , this will of course will be called a hoarding sin .
The outcome of committing sin is to take birth in the sub - human state of existence (triyanchagati) or infernal state of existence ( Narakagati ) .

MAIN QUALITIES OF THE PANCHAPERMESTHI

Q1. What are the 46 main qualities of a tirthankara (Arihantas) ?

Ans : The 46 main characteristics of tirthankara are 34 redundants (Atisayas ), 8 ( pratiharyas ) , and 4 infinites ( Ananta ) .

Q2 . What are the 34 redundant ?

Ans : The 34 redundant are e.g. 10 redundant related to the time of birth , 10 related to the omniscience and 14 done by the heavenly gods .

Q3 . What are the 10 related to the time of birth ?

Ands : 1. Surpassingly beautiful countenance .
2. Scented body .
3. Feeling no sweat .
4. Devoid of stool & urine .
5. Benefactor meal mouthed / (Benefactoreous friendly orator )
6. Incomparable strength
7 . Milk like white blood
8. Equi proportional constitution
9. Diamond bones structure adamantine
10 . Presence of 1008 auspicious symptoms in body .

Q4. What are the 10 redundant of omniscience ?

Ans : 1. Being prosperity & plentiful ness within a region of eight hundred miles as its radius . or 100 -100 Yojanas all around .
2. To travel in the space .
3. People appearing of four faces from one face only .
4. There happens No injury nearby him . Having complete mercy .
5. Without portent ( upsarga ) No affliction of any kind ( portent ) .
6. No morsel food taking .
7. Being omniscient .
8. No further growth of nails & hair .
9. No winking of eyelids
10. No shadow formation of body .

Q5. What are the 14 redundant performed by the heavenly gods or beings ?

Ans : 1. Ardhamagandhi language .
2. Mutual friendship
3. Being clear direction
4. Being a clear sky horizon .
5. Blossoming of flowers of all the six seasons altogether .
6. The earth being mirrorlike .
7. Construction of golden lotus beneath foot soles .
8. Hozza by deities in the sky .
9. Blowing gentle cool air .
10. Scented raining
11. The land devoid of nails and throns .
12. All the creatures feeling ecstasy .
13. proceeding of the religious wheel .
14. Existence of the eight fold auspicious commodities .

Q6 . What are auspicious commodities (mangala dravya ) ?

Ans : 1. Umbrella ( chhatra ).
2. Bell and vase ( Ghanta , Kalasa )
3. A whisk made of silver threads with silver handle (Chanwara ).
4. A round shaped pot used for water and sandal ( jhari ) .
5. Religious flag ( Dhwaja ) .
6. Fan ( Pankha ) .
7. Fylfot ( swastika ) .
8. Mirror (Darpana ) .

Q7. What are the eight pratiharyas ?

Ans : 1. Ashoka tree.
2. Throne
3. Three umbrellas ( chhatra )
4. Halo - circle of effulgence around the head of the Arihant ( Bhamandala )
5. Eternal voice or 'OM' Divine letter less speech or sound Divya Dhwani
6. Showering of flowers by deities
7. A fan like thing made of silk with silver handle always used to give honor to elders (Chanwara )
8. Musical instruments played by deities .

Q8. What are the four eternal quadri compacts or infinitudes ?

Ans : 1. Infinite perception
2. Infinite knowledge
3. Infinite bliss happiness
4. Infinite valor

Q9. Which quality of Arihanta paramesthi is manifested by the loss of a certain deed ? Name the deed also .

Ans : The quality of (i) Infinite knowledge - by the loss of perception blockade ( ii ) Infinite perception by loss of perception blockade ( iii ) Infinite bliss by loss of delusion and enchantment and ( iv ) Limitless valor by the loss of obstructions .

Q10. What are the difference between Arihanta God and Kewali God ?

Ans : There are no difference between the Arihant God and Kewali God . Both are synonyms .

Q11 . What is the difference between a Tirthankara and an Arihant ?

Ans : A Tirthankara has 46 main qualities . But Arihanta does not have main 46 qualities .
There are many Arihant omniscient Gods but Tirthankras are only twenty four . Those who are Tirthankara are Arihant also , but Arihanta may or may not be a Tirthankara .

Q12. Within whom does the eternal voice rise ?

Ans : It is not a hard and fast rule that Arihanta kewali has Divine ( letter less ) sound ( Divya dhwani ) but those who are Arihanta Tirthankara have divine sound undoable .

Q13. Name the sixteen dreams which are seen by Tirthankara' s mother ?

Ans : 1. Elephant 2. Lion 3. Bull or ox 4. The Goddess of wealth 5. Two garlands 6. The rising sun 7. The moon 8. A pair of fish 9. Two filled vases 10. Pond with lotuses 11. The sea 12. Throne 13. Plane of heavenly beings 14. Plane of Dharnendra 15. Heap of jewels 16. Smokeless fire

Q14. What are the five auspicious occasions ?

Ans : Five auspicious occasions are the occasions when the tirthankaras ( i ) Conceive (ii) take birth ( iii ) ascetics ( iv ) gain infinite knowledge ( v ) get salvation

Q15. Which are the 18 demerits does the Arihanta God not have ?

Ans : 1. Birth 2. Old age 3. Thirst 4. Hunger 5. Astonishment 6. Affliction 7. Sorrow 8. Diseases 9. Grief 10. Arrogance 11. Dilution 12.Tear 13. Sleep 14. Anxiety 15. Sweat 16. Love 17. Hatred 18. Death

Q16. What are the 8 main attributes of Siddha God ?

Q17. What are the 36 main qualities of the Acharya paramesthi ?

Ans . 12 Penances ........1. Fasting 2. Reduced diet 3. Special restriction for begging food 4. Giving up delicious food 5. Using cushions neither for sitting nor for sleeping 6. Mortification of body 7. Expiation 8. Reverence 9. Serving others 10. Study 11. Renunciation 12. Meditation 10 characteristics of soul ( Religion )

5 fivefold conducts ........ 1. Conduct of faith 2. Conduct of knowledge 3. Conduct of austerity 4. Conduct of character 5. Conduct of strength .
6 Essential duties ......... 1. Equanimity 2. Prayer 3. Praise 4. Criticizing self for faults 5. Self study 6. Devoid of bodily pleasure .
3 Process of curbing activities of body...... 1. Mind control 2. Body control 3. Speech control .
speech and mind ( gupti ) are the 36 main peculiarities of the Acharya permesthi .

Q17. What are the 25 qualities of Upadhyaya paramesthi ?

Ans : Possessing and imparting to others the knowledge of 11 Angas & 14 purvas are the 25 characteristics of Upadhyaya paramesthi .

Q18. Name the 11 Angas ( scripture ) ?

Ans : 1. Conduct Volume ( Acharanga )
2. Decision making volume ( Sutrakrtanga )
3. Ascending places volume ( Sthananga )
4. Concomitance volume ( Samavayanga )
5. Problem elaborations volume ( Vyakhya Pragyapti )
6. Description of tales and myths ( Gyatre kathanga )
7. 4 stages of jain follower ( Upasakadhyayananga )
8. Gaining knowledge descriptions of the ways infinite obstacles ( Antakrata kewali )
9. Description of saints who took birth in five celestial planes above the 16 heavens after overcoming several obstructions ( Anuttaropapadikadasanga ).
10. Question volume ( Prasna Vyakarananga )
11. Outcome of holy and unholy deeds ( Vipaka Sutranga )

Q19. Name the 14 Purvas ?

Ans : 1. Volume containing the descriptions of original existence and destruction ( Utpada Purva )
2. Knowledge of things ( Agrayani Purva )
3. Power ( austerity , region or area , thought ,self , Viryance Pravada Purva )
4. Existence and non existence of animate and inanimate ( Astinasti pravada Purva )
5. Five knowledges on cognizance ( Gyanpravada purva )
6. 10 true statements ( Satyapravada Purva )
7. Soul ( Atmapravada Purva )
8. 93 deeds karma ( Karma pravada Purva )
9. Attainment ( Vidyanuvada Purva )
10. Abstenance ( Pratyakhyana Purva )
11. Five fold auspicious occasions ( Kalyanavada Purva )
12. Therapeutics ( Pranavaya Purva )
13. 72 skills and metre ( kriya visala Purva )
14. Attainment of salvation and its pleasure ( Lokabindusara Purva )

Q20. What are the 28 characteristics of Digamber Monk paramesthi ?

Ans : 5 great vows ..... 1. Non-violence 2. Truth 3. Non stealing 4. Chastity 5. Non attachment.
5 regulating ( violence less ) activities ........ 1. walking 2. Speech 3. Eating 4. Lifting and laying down 5.
Depositing waste products .
5 sense controls ...... touch , taste , smell , sight and hearing .
6 requisites or essential duties ..... 1. Equanimity 2. Prayer 3. Praise 4. Criticizing self 5. Self study 6. devoid of
bodily pleasure .
7 other remaining characteristics ........ 1. Uprooting the hair 2. To remain nude or naked 3. Not to take bath
4. To sleep on floor ( land ) 4. Not brushing the teeth 5. Taking food in hands in standing position 7. Taking
food only once a day .

Q21. How many characteristics do the pancha parmesthis have in all ?

Ans : pancha parmesthis has 143 characteristics in all
Arihanta .......... 46
Siddha ........... 08
Acharya ......... 36
Upadhayaya .... 25
Sadhu ............. 28

REQUISITES

Q1. What is worshiping ?

Ans : To pay homage to supreme beings ( Pancha Parmesthise ) to adore , to eulogies , to chant bhajans ( religious songs , psalms or hymns ) to meditate or to speculate and to offer 8 types of things commodities in the lotus feet of omniscient Gods Arihanta & Siddhas is called worshipping .

Q2. Name the nine Supreme beings ?

Ans : 1. Arihanta ( the omniscient ) , 2. Siddha omniscient ( emancipated souls ) 3. Acharya ( Pontiff ) 4. Upadhyaya ( Preceptors ) 5. Sadhu ( Saint ) Monk 6. Jinadharama ( jain religion ) 7. Jinagama ( Jain scriptures ) 8. Jina ( chaityas ) idol 9. Jina ( Chaityalaya ) temple .

Q3. Name eight commidities used in worshiping ?

Ans : 1. Water 2. Sandal 3. Rice 4. Flowers 5. Lamp 6. Oblation ( Naivaidya ) 7. Sandalwood 8. Libation containing these things 9. Fruits .

Q4. What is the outcome of worshiping soul ( omniscient Arhanta siddha Gods ) ?

Ans : By worshiping Jinendra deo one attains right faith and the person who worships or adores it with eight commodities with full reverence , devotion and whole heartedness attains salvation after achieving all the worldly pleasures alike those of the Indra ( the kinds of the Gods ) and the univesal Monarch . Finally he accepts asceticism and attains Moksa where he enjoys the infinite pleasure by attaining eight qualities of the siddhas.

Q5. What is monk's service ?

Ans : To adore a true Digambara monk or saint devoid of any holding and attachments is called monk service .

Q6. How should one serve the monk ?

Ans : There are different ways to serve a true Digambara monk .
1. To give the saint , a diet ( meals ) and the scriptures ( holy books ) in charity .
2. To give them warm hospitality .
3. To provide him with the knowledge attaining means or resources .
4. To be a helping hand to him in his routine & not to disturb his routine .
5. To treat the disease , he is suffering from .
6. To have a feeling of becoming them with eight commodities .

Q7. What do you mean by self study ?

Ans self study is of five kinds ........
1. Reading ...... To read scriptures or holy books with correct pronunciation is called Reading .
2. Questioning........ To ask questions on a subject matter with a view to clear ones doubts is called questioning.
3. Contemplation...... To think over the existence of self , non-self , right path of salvation through knowledge acquired is called contemplation .
4. Recitation..... Recitation is the repetition of the text again and again with correct pronunciation .
5. Preaching ...... Narration of the stories and discourses on right faith knowledge conduct is called preaching .

Q8. Why is self study is necessary ?

Ans : Self study is a must for each and every human being because it adds to our knowledge . Penance is attained by knowledge . The attainment of penance leads to gradual dissociation of karmas and gradual dissociation of karmas ultimately leads to salvation . Therefore the prime duty of every salvation seeker is self study .

Q9. What is restraint ?

Ans : To have a control over the five senses ( organs ) , inclinations wishes and to protect the six types of beings is called a restraint .
kins of restraint .... 1. Creatures restraint 2. Organs restraint .

Q10. What is penance ?

Ans Control over desires is called penance .
types ..... 1. External ..... ( a ) Fasting ( b ) Reduced diet ( c ) Special restrictions for begging food ( d ) Giving up stimulating and delicious dishes ( e ) lonely habitation ( f ) Mortification of the body .
2. Internal ..... ( a ) Expiation ( b ) Reverence ( c ) Service ( d ) study ( e ) Renunciation (f)Meditation

Q11. What are charity ? State its types ?

Ans : To give a portion of one's lawful possessions onto some needy person , with a view to get nothing material in return is called charity .
types ..... 1. Charity of diet ( food ) ..... To give food to the saint , lady saint , a jain follower ( man / woman both ) with a feeling of charity and devotion according to one 's own capacity is called a charity of food .
2. Medicine.... To give pure and malice ness medicine the saints with a view to cure his disease is called medicine charity .
3. Scriptures ..... To share one 's knowledge ( existing ) with the holy men , to give them books to read and other stationary matter is called knowledge charity To arrange camps ( religious ) is also one of the knowledge charities .
4. Shelter ......... To give shelter to the living beings or to take them out of dangerous circumstances is called shelter charity .

Q12. What is nine fold devotion ?

Ans : 1. Calling ( hawking ) ...... When the charity seeker comes to us for the charity , we welcome him saying . Respected saint please accept our obeisance three times ( Namostu -3 ) and the diet and the water both are pure . This is what is called calling .
2. Higher seat offering ....... When the charity seeker accepts the invitation of taking food he is escorted to the place generally above the ground on a special stool of wood where he takes his food . To make him sit on this seat is called higher seat .
3. Feet cleansing...... To help the monk cleans or wash his feet is called feet cleansing .
4. Worshipping.... To worship the monk with eight & pure substances like water , sandal etc . is called worshipping .
5. Obeisance ....... To observe do obeisance by prostrating before him is called obeisance .
6. Purity of heart ....... The contemplation devoid of sorrow and anger is called purity of heart .
7. Purity of tongue..... To avoid speaking harsh and shrill words is called Purity of tongue
8. Purity of body...... One's being away from widow marriage and intercast marriage etc. is called Purity of body .
9. Purity of food ..... To cook meals after an inquest or purifying it e.g. devoid of ( cells or small boils is called Purity of food .

Q13. What are the seven qualities of donor ?

Ans : 1. Reverence ........ The act of giving the charity to the worthy seeker with due respects is called reverence .
2. Satisfaction ( contentment ) ...... The act of feeling of happiness at the quality of the seeker is called contentment .
3. Devotion ..... The feeling of love and affection towards the quality of seeker is called devotion .
4. Science...... The knowledge of the things worth giving is called science .
5. Devoid of temptation ...... Non belief in procurement of mundane pleasure is called covetousness .
6. Forgiveness ...... Not to show anger or feel angry even after the unavoidable circumstances is called forgiveness .
7. Vitality ....... Vitality is such a quality of the donor that she / he being not so wealthy amazes others by her / him act of donation or open heartedness generosity & self sacrifice.

Q14. Name the five fold sins ?

Ans : The violent (destructive ) deeds through which a householder accumulates sins to his credit are called fivefold sins . e.g. 1. grinding 2. Pest ling 3. Cooking 4. Drawing water from pump well etc . 5. Booming or sweeping
The sin that a householder adds to his credit owing to the above cited five sins is all extricated by giving donation or charity.

Non-violence

The act of killing of any other beings or ones own self causing tortures or inflicting pains , feeling sorrow stricken or putting others in sorrow is called Violence & the state just opposite to this that is ( violonceless ) is called non violence .

Q1. State the kinds of violence ?

Ans : 1. Intentional Violence ( Sankalpi himsa )...... To torture to inflict or to kill any person with a pre-planned nation or scheme is called Intentional Voilence .
2. House hold Voilence ( Arambhi himsa )...... The violence that takes place in the kitchen while cooking , washing , and other domestic duties is called House hold Violence .
3. Occupational Violence ( Udyami himsa )........ The violence that is caused owing to the destruction of small insects in agriculture industry and other means of earning one's bread , is called Occupational Violence .
4. Vengeance Violence ( virodhi himsa )........ The voilence that is caused by one while defending one self from the attack of any lion or rascal is called Vengeance Violence .

Q2. What should one do to become a non-violent ?

Ans : One should become a non-violent only when one shows Wrath neither upon oneself nor upon the other and never has an ego or pride even after possessing all the means of aristocracy affluence knowledge , valor and countenance . Besides , one takes all the worldly things mortal & momentary does not become deceitful ( deceptive ) a various etc. and does not have any affection with the body thinking that is an unchaste structure or composition.

Non-Eating

Q1. What is not eatable ?

Ans : Non-eatable is the thing that is not fit for eating .
types .....1. Mobile beings destructing substances (Trasaghata )...... Are those substances by eating of which the mobile beings are destructed e.g. cauliflower , old pickle , flesh , jem , egg , liquor .
2. Infinite immobile beings destructing substances ( Sthawara ghata )..... Are those substances by eating of which the immobile beings are destructed e.g. radish , carrot , spinach, sweet potato , and potato etc.
3.Dowsiness creating ( Pramada karaka )......Are those substances by eating of which drowsiness & intoxication overpowers the eater ( consumer ) e.g. Hashish , Haroin , Hemp , leaves , opium , Tobbaco etc.
4. Disease causing ( Anista karaka )...... Are those substances by eating of which fever , cough , etc. are increased as milk product , sweet dish for a Victim of cough , clarified and butter ( Ghee) sweets for a victim of fever etc .
5. Substances discarded by gentlemen ( Anupasevya )....... The substances neglected or feigned by gentlemen are called discarded substances e.g. urine , saliva etc. waste of body.

Limitation of Eatable substances

Q1. Is the time limit of an eatable things , the same through out the year ?

Ans : No , the limit of any eatable things used by a jain follower differs from time to time e.g. summer , winter and rainy as follows :
During rainy season - 8 days
During winter season - 30 days
During summer season - 15 days - prepared
sweet ( sugar like powdered form ) wood powder e.g. sandal powder etc.

Q2. Cite the examples of the eatable things having their consumable time as one night , six hours , and 48 minutes respectively ?

Ans : One nighty only : Laddus made of gram flour ( a kind of sweet meal made of gram flour droplets ) , essence of milk , sweetmeat made of the essence of milk . Boiled milk , specially boiled water and pickles etc .
One day only ( 12 hours ) : Bread , friend bread (Paramatha ) , dried and parched vegetables dipped in gram flour and fried in oil , porridge and other vegetables in which water has been used and with which water has been used and with which water is left even after frying .
6 hours : Cooked lentils and rice and other grains which are cooked in water only , water and fruit juice purified with cloves .
48 minutes : filtered with double sieve net , pest led salt ,filtered unboiled milk , butter etc.

Meditation

Q1. What is meditation ? State its kinds ?

Ans : To think over something repeatedly is called meditation . These are 12 in numbers .
1. Transistorizes( anitya bhavna )...... " Sceptre and crown , Must be tumble down "
and the dust shall equal be made means nothing is permanent in the world except the soul , the self all the things are transient like the bubbles of water .
2. Helplessness ...... Is a situation when one can't save oneself from death at any cost however one endeavors or whatever resources one does have .
3. Transmigration ..... Is the attainment of another birth by the self owing to the ripening of karmas . The worldly beings suffer from pain in four states of existence and they move about in the fivefold whirlpool . The world is worthless in every way . There is not a tinge of happiness in it .
4. Loneliness ..... Soul is solitary and it alone is affected by the consequences of good and bad karmas . Neither son nor wife share therein . All are in fluenced by self-interest.
5. Distinctness ...... The soul and the body are mixed up like milk and water . But each of them exists distinct from the other . They are not one . Wealth home , son wife obviously exist inseparately . How can they be one
6. Impurity ........ The feeling like body is a receptacle of impurities . it is developed by bundle of flesh blood , pus and excreta and is defiled by bones , fat and the like , and nine outlets through which dirty matters flow .
7. Influx ........ The vibratory activities of mind , speech and body cause the inflow of karmic matters into the soul . The inflow is the source of multifarious miseries .
8. Stoppage....... Only those persons are able to check the karmic inflow , who donor incur-merit ( punya ) and demerit ( papa ) . They concentrate their attention upon self -realization and stop the flow of karmas .
9. Dissociation ....... Is the outcome or fruition of karmas . The shedding of karmas on maturity of time is of no avail . The bliss of liberation , manifests itself only when the karmas are destroyed by asceticism & austerities .
10. The universe....... The universe is neither created nor supported by anybody . It is comprised six substances and is indestructible . Its contemplation develops true knowledge . To contemplate about the universe which is
14 Raju higher in the same way is called the meditation on universe .
11. Rarity of enlightment....... The feeling like ' In the precarious world the things like wealth , money , wife and status etc . can easily be had but one can not get the true knowledge of the self easily ' is called rarity of
enlightenment .
12. Truth proclaimed by religion........ Religion is right belief , right knowledge and right conduct free from deluding ideas . the feeling that ' if you ask for anything into the wish contenting heavenly tree ( kalpa taru ) , it will provide you that , but the constant devotion on religion gives you all without asking even ; is called the truth proclaimed by religion . Living being attains everlasting bliss when it follows religion .

Q2. How many other meditations are there that Emancipate one from this world ?

Ans : There are 16 observances ( 16 karna bhavna ) that help a man to get emancipated from this world . Besides there are 4 others also namely friendship , ecstasy benevolence and naturalism .
1. Purity of right faith ( darsana visuddhi ) 2. Reverence ( Vinaya Sampannata ) 3. Observance of vows and supplymentory vows without transcription ( Seela wrath ) . 4. Ceaseless pursuit of knowledge ( abhiksna gynopayoga ) 5. Perpetual fear of the cycle of existence . 6. Charity according to one's own capacity .7. Practicing austerities according to one's capacity 8 . removal of obstacles that threaten the equanimity of ascetics . 9. Serving the meritorious by warding off evil or suffering .10. Devotion to omniscient lords ( Arahanta bhakti ) 11. Devotion to chief preceptors ( Acharya bhakti ) 12. Devotion to preceptors and the religious scriptures ( Sruta bhakti )13. Devotion to preaches (Pravacana bhakti ) 14. Practice of 6 essential daily duties . 15. Propagation of the teaching of the omniscient . 16. Fervent affection for ones brethren.

Naishthik follower

Q1 . Name the 11 stages of a that a house holder ( having partial vows ) naisthika followers ?

Ans : Name of 11 stages of a house holder having partial vows are : -
1. Stage of true faith ( darsana pratima )........ To accept or adopt the true faith devoid of faults , to refrain from all the sevenfold addictions and all the non edible things is called the stage of true faith .
2. Stage of firm vows ( Vrata Pratima ) ....... To observe five small vows ( non- violence , truthfulness , non stealing , chastity and non accumulation ) without committing transgression and three merit vows ( e. g. that aim at the restraint of earthly ambitions , further limiting of the field of activity periodically and purposeless ill will ) four teaching vows ( Euonymus meditation , fasting , limiting the consumable and non consumable things and charity service of saints ) altogether is called the stage of firm vows .
3. Stage of equanimous meditation ( Samayika pratima ).... To sit for prayer of meditation at a posture ( incessantly for 48 minutes , 96 minutes or 144 minutes is called the stage of equanimous meditation .
4. Stage of fasting on eternal festivals ( Prosadapavas pratima )...... He who apply himself to holy meditation , observes the Prosadhopavasa vrata in the prescribed manner on all the four fast days ( two astamis & two chatudasis ) of the month by month not shrinking from excercising the power of his soul to the full is called a stage of fasting on eternal festivals .
5. Stage of refraining from the eventuality ( Sachets tyaga pratima )...... He who does not eat uncooked and unripe roots , fruits , greens , branches , tendrils , ( or shoots of hard or thorny plants ) bulbous vegetables , flowers and seeds as an embodiment of mercy , is called a stage of refraining from the vegetables.
6. Stage of refraining from night meal ( ratri bhukti tyaga pratima )...... He who being merciful inclined towards living beings does not take and give ( any of the four kinds of food namely grains or things made of grain liquid sweetmeats the semi liquids after sunset ) such a one is called a stage of refraining from night meal .
7. Stage of total celibacy ( Bramhacharya pratima ) ....... He who perceiving that the private parts are the seed , the source and the channels of filth ( also ) stinking and disgusting to look at , abstains from sexual indulgence - that is called a stage of celibacy.
8. Stage of refraining from occupational belongings ( Aarambha tyaga pratima )........ He who renounces the undertaking involved in service , cultivation , trade and other occupations , the causes of violence is called the stage of refraining from occupational belonging .
9. Stage of refraining from earthly possessions ( Parigraha tyaga pratima ).... He who gives up the sense of possession in the ten kinds of worldly things ( e.g. land , houses , silver, gold , cattle , grain , maid servants , man servants , clothes , and utensils ) and finds pleasure in a feeling of renunciation becomes steadfast in the contemplation of his self and in developing contentment in his soul - such a one is a stage of refraining from earthy possession .
10. Stage of refraining from giving permission ( Anumati tyaga pratima )...... He whose approval is not taken in respect of undertakings material goods and mundane activity of serene judgment , is certainly fit to be called as stage of refraining from permission .
11. Stage of refraining from food made for self ( saint's ) use . ( Uddista tyaga pratima )......To refrain from the food cooked for one's own self is called the stage of refraining from food for self use.

Addiction

Q1. What is addiction ? State its kinds?

Ans : Bad habits are known as addiction . These are seven in number .
1. Gambling .... Is one of the bad habits comprising speculation sharemarketing , lottery , bidding , betting , wagering , playing chauparh ( a back gammon like game played with three dices ) etc . It is harmful to both the loser & the winner . The former is perplexed because he / she loses the bet or the wager and the latter is perplexed because he/she goes on playing in the hope of winning more & more and is never satisfied . Ultimately he/she doesn't have a good reputation in the society . The good gentlemen look down upon him for his being so . For instance : lets take an example of Yudhisthra , the universal monarch at the time of Mahabharta , who alongwith all his four brothers began to play Chauparh with Duryodhana and lost everything; the wealth the kingdom and even his better half Draupadi . Which added an insult to the injury and lead him to his dooms day .
2. Meat eating...... Eating flesh or meat of a creature dead or alive having two three four or five sense respectively , is called meat eating , which comprises of several parasites and saprophytes of the same color but harmful to our mind & body both . These bacteria's having entered the human body make one's nature animal like and cause diseases , secondly the grasping power or learning power of the meat eater starts slackening and thirdly the meat eater by killing the living creature adds sins to the credit of his soul , which has to undergo several tortures after palingenesis . For example :There was a king named Buck , who was very fond of eating meat One day his cook roasted a young baby for him and the king enjoyed it very much demanded that the same kind of meat should be served to him daily . Thence onward . The cook had to carry out his orders , so did he . The children from every family were produced in his service turn by turn . Once it was the turn of the only son of the lady . The lady started beating her breast lamenting bitterly , since early in the morning . Haply Bhima a valiant hero was passing by the way . He heard her rending tale and helped her by putting the vicious & callous king to death .
3. Drinking ...... The juice produced from the decomposition & fermentation of different things is called wine or liquor . Drinking wine causes several diseases such as cancer , asthama , chest pain & affects lungs also . An intoxicated person ( drunkard ) wanders like lunatics . Being obsessed with the narcotics he/she loses self control , power of justification and differentiation as well .
4. Hunting ..... To shoot any animal either by arrow or by bullet or kill it for sports is called hunting . It results in an infinite sorrow and agony e.g. king Brahmadata was a famous hunter . Once he went to a forest for hunting but could not succeeded in his mission .At last when he was returning home he came to know that there had been a saint on meditation in the very wood . Owing to his power of his devotion he misses his aim every time . Eventually he is in state of fury went to the stage . The stage had gone for the super . there was his seat only . The king in the fit of fury set the seat on fire . Meanwhile the sage came back and as per his daily routine sat for meditation on the burning seat without caring for the flames . The saint got omniscience but the king panted to death then and there .
5. Prostitution........ To go a harlot or pros with a view to satisfy one's sexual desire is called prostitution . A pros is a lecherous woman . She is a store house of diseases . A physical contact or copulation with a harlot causes AIDS , a health hazardous disease . Hence this is one of the worst addiction.
6. Stealing..... To take away something without permission of its owner or to usurp a thing forcibly from its owner is called Stealing or theft . A stolen thing never lets a man rest in peace . A thief never flourishes . It seems to be beneficial instantly but very harmful and woe begotten in the long run .
7. Adultery...... To go to any woman other than one's own with whom one has married according to one's religious belief or ceremony , with a view of sexual intercourse or to talk on obscene matter is called licentiousness . Adultery causes " AIDS " like diseases , slackens memory , deteriorates physical power & stamina & begets an ill will in the society . Ravana the most vigorous and learned king of lanka being fascinated with the beauty, graceful conduct if Sita , the wife of lord Rama , kidnapped her and seduced . But she didn't agree . Consequently he alongwith his entire pedigree had to undergo the pangs of death with the hands of Rama . Hence one ought to behave with other's wife , sister &mother like his own sister or mother .

Q2. Suggest some remedy to get rid of the addictions ?

Ans : In order to give up the bad habits one should divert his notion and attention towards good & auspicious works such as worshiping , temple visiting , public service , good company etc.

Q3.How can one abstain from drinking ?

Ans : Instead of boycotting the drunkards society , they should be treated well and affectionately and made aware of the demerits of the drinks and drugs . Thereafter their attention should be diverted towards devotion , studying scriptures and meditation etc. Thus the rate of drinking may be reduced .

Q4. How can one get rid of the habit of gambling ? Speculation and bidding etc ?

Ans : One can get rid of the oboe cited addictions by living within one's means , having no temptation for money etc. and thinking on both the ends , the profit and the loss of the gambling before switching on to it , for it is but a nine day's wonder .

Q5. Suggest any remedy to get rid of adultery ?

Ans : The adulterer must be given ample love and affection at home than that of depriving him to the due . Every embarrassing situation should be given interesting story books on the affects and demerits of adultery .

Main qualities of a house-holder ( Sarawak )

Q1. Who is a house - holder ( Sravaka ) ?

Ans : One who is tearful ( reliant ) wise and performs religious duties daily is called a house-holder i.e. a man who acts well according to the religion and follows the true omniscient Gods , scriptures and Digamber monks with reliance is known as a house holder .

Q2. What are the stages & grades of the sravakas ?

Ans : The house-holders are of three grades .
1. paksika house-holder ( vowless right believer )..... A person who without accepting any vow has a worthy attitude or inclination towards the religion is called a paksika house-holder .
2. Naisthika house-holder ( partial vow observer true -believer )....... A person who has accepted partial vows ( Anuvarats ) is called a naistika house-holder .
3. Accomplisher ( Sadhaka ) house-holder ...... One who is very alert in observing auspicious activities such as , vows ( without transgrations ) celibacy etc. leading to asceticism and has relinquished worldly acts and remains in the company of the true homeless monks and wants to become monk is called accomplisher .

Q2. Cite the distinctive qualities of a house-holder or jain follower ?

Ans : There are eight distinctive qualities of a jain house-holder :
a He abstains from the following 1. Honey 2. Meat 3. Wine 4. Udambar fruits 5. Taking meals at night
b. And observers the following 6. Shows mercy upon all living being 7. Sees & prays the God ( Deva darsana ) daily 8. drinks filtered water & tries to return the filter ate back to the original well or reservoir .
Some of the Acharya monks have propounded the eight qualities of a jain follower in a different way e.g. ( 1-3 ) Refraining from honey , Meat and wine and ( 4-8 ) five atomic vows e.g. non-violence , truth , non-stealing , chastity ( celibacy ) and non-accumulation .

Q2. What is the distinctive quality ( peculiarity ) of jain a house-holder ?

Ans : The main qualities of life are known as peculiarities e.g. A plant can have no standing without its root similarly a jain follower too can't be called a jain without these 8 qualities .

Q3. What is honey ? and what are the disadvantage of honey eating ?

Ans : Honey is taken to be an impure substance because it is a vomit of the bees after sucking the juice of the flowers assimilated with their excreta inside the hive . The consumer however squeezes the hive & stores the essence in an utensil naming it honey & then starts eating it . But I don't think it a wise step to eat such a defiled substance causing death of several bees at the time of squeezing or breaking the hive .Eating of honey but may lead to a hellish life .

Q4 Why should one avoid night meal ?

Ans : In order to protect creatures to maintain the spirit of non-voilence to keep one-self mentally healthy . One ought to have day meal only , this leads to a life of sanctity & peace . In day/sunlight insects do not come out from the dark places and are not produced but in night even after glowing of moths etc. are produced fall in meal that one eats .

Q5 What are the disadvantage of taking meal at night ? Give four answers with some scientific proof ( reason ) ?

Ans : It has already been proved by science that the plants discharge poisonous gases at night which pollute the environment . Air is everywhere so the place where the food is kept will also be polluted . Besides , there are several other tiny insects that can't be easily seen at night . They may also fall into the food and we to eat those . Which ultimately lead to several abdominal aliments .
On the other hand there are many parasites or tiny creatures that can't exist during the light of the sun , do exist at night . their birth however can't be stopped . These also fall into the food and spoil it .
Doctors are also of the view that one ought to take at least 6 hours rest or repose after meal .

Q6. Why do jains abstain from night meal ?

Ans : Jain religion is scientifically a non-violent religion . This religion protects every being . To do so a true jain never has his meal at night . Meals at night causes indisposition and this indisposition hinders a man to follow the religion , wholeheartedly and rightly .

Q7. Why should we pay obeisance to the panch permesthi ?

Ans : In order to achieve the qualities like the panch paramesthis , we should pay obeisance to them . This is also a noble duty of jains . And by paying reverence to the respected people one attains the education , discipline limits and produces many other qualities .

Q8. Why is it necessary to drink the filtered water ?

Ans : Water contains innumerable living beings ( livestock ) so in order to stop these being drunk or eaten up we should take the water after filtration . Doing so one follows the spirit of mercy over the living beings & the non-violence on the other hands .

Q9. What is the view of scientists regarding the filtration of water ?

Ans : Scientists are of the view that ordinary unfiltered water contains 36450 microbes and unfiltered water drinking gives rise to several abdominal diseases .
This fact however has been empathetically put forth by the scientists in this century only but the jain Acharyas (Monk) propounded the theory ages ago and made it the prime duty for every jain follows . This is the reason why a jain hermit drinks boiled & filtered water .

Q10. What are the primary rules that a jain has to follow ?

Ans : There are 3 primary rules that a trio jain has to follow namely .
1. Abstaining from night meals .
2. Drinking filtered water .
3. Going to temple for ' Darsana ' of Arihanta God .

Tattva

Q1. What is reality ( Tattva ) Tato ?

Ans : The intrinsic nature of a thing is called reality .( Tato )

Q2. name the realities that lead us to salvation ?

Ans : These are 7 in number namely
1. Animate ( Jiva ) ..... An animate is characterized by knowledge and perception .
2. Inanimate ( Ajiva ) ...... An inanimate is devoid of the quality knowledge and perception.
3. Influx ( Aasrava ) ...... The inflow of auspicious and evil karmic matter into the soul is called influx .
4. Bondage ( Bandha ) .... The mutual intermingling of the soul and the karmas is called bondage .
5. Stoppage ( Samvara ) ....... The obstruction or the inflow of karmic matter into the soul is called stoppage .
6. Gradual dissociation ( Nirjara ) ...... The separation or falling of part of karmic matter from the soul is called gradual dissociation or shedding of karmas .
7. Liberation ( Moksa ) ...... The complete annihilation dissociation of all karmic matter ( bound with any particular soul ) is called liberation .

Q3. What is the importance of the above cited sevenfold realities ? ( Tato )

Ans : By meditating these sevenfold realities ( Tato ) one knows the real nature of the soul and thereby gets the right path to salvation .

Three gems

Q1. What are the three gems ?

Ans : Right faith ( Samyag darshan )...... To have a firm cordial belief in the omniscient , scriptures and the Possession - less saint , and the six substances & 7 realities ( living , non-living , influx ,bondage ,stoppage dissociation and liberation ) and the actual nature of the soul , different to the other substance is called right faith .
Right knowledge ( Samyag gyana )...... Knowledge a substance such as they actually called right knowledge
Right conduct ( Samyag charitra )...... Accompanied with right belief the attainment of Equanimity on cessation of activity leading to the taking in of karmas ( by a wise person engaged in the removal of the causes of transmigration ) is called the Right conduct .

Q2. Which is the path of libration ?

Ans : Right faith , Right knowledge and Right conduct altogether constitute the direct right path of liberation . Without the completion of these three gems liberation is utterly impossible .The omniscient ( Deva ) The Scriptures ( Sastra ) and the Digambera Saint Sadhu ( Guru ) .

Q3. What are the kinds of the omniscient ?

Ans : There are two types of omniscient .
1. Arhanta : An Arhanta omniscient is one whose four destructive karmas have been destroyed . He is all knowing and has a body due to rise of non-destructive karmas , but is devoid of attachment , aversion etc. blemishes ?
2. Siddha :  An Arhanta who has no physical body  i.e.  has escaped the birth and the death and is freed from all the eight karmas is known as a Siddha . He has an incorporeal soul and lives in the upper most part of this universe .

Q4. What are scriptures ?

Ans : The statements or the gospels of the Arhanta omniscient , which can't be objected by any body repleted  with beneficial  teachaings and full of the preaching & free from passions   and tortures are called scriptures .

Q5. Who is a saint ( Sadhu ) ?

Ans : One who is dispossessed of all the things who has abandoned or forsaken all the five misdeeds i.e. ( violence , lie , stealing , non-chastity and holdings ) who is away from worldly  occupations & possessions   and  who is concentrated in knowledge , meditation and penance is known as saint .

Influx of karma

Q1. State the kinds of influx ?

Ans : 1. Psychic influx ( Bhava Asrava )....... The impure disposition of the soul due to which the karmas make their influx is called psychic influx .
2. material influx ( Dravya Asrava )...... The influx of karmic matter into the soul is called material influx